LA AMENAZA ROJA Prensa, anticomunismo y miedo en la polarización política de Colombia y el departamento de Santander, 1930-1946

Paralelo a las transformaciones políticas y culturales a nivel mundial en los años veinte, se inició en Colombia, en este mismo decenio, un ambiente de polarización política, la cual tuvo un nuevo ingrediente en la renovada disputa entre los partidos tradicionales: el pánico rojo. El pánico rojo fue una estrategia de permanente campaña de desinformación que los diarios locales y nacionales llevaron a cabo con claros intereses políticos. El propósito de este artículo es analizar este temor al comunismo en el contexto de la confrontación política en las décadas de 1930-1940 en Santander: Esto permitirá reconocer qué grupos, y desde qué publicaciones periódicas, se asumieron como grupos de izquierda. Además, se busca identificar quiénes fueron tachados de comunistas y cómo se utilizó esta arma discursiva a partir del miedo, para polarizar aún más la política y exacerbar la violencia. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se examinarán tres publicaciones periódicas de diferentes espectros políticos: "El Deber", "Vanguardia Liberal" y "Tribuna Liberal". Se prestará especial atención al uso cambiante que estos diarios hicieron del anticomunismo en diferentes coyunturas políticas.

Parallel to the worldwide political and cultural transformations in the twenties, an environment of political polarization began in Colombia in this same decade, which had a new ingredient in the renewed dispute between the traditional parties: the red panic. The red panic was a permanent disinformation campaign strategy carried out by local and national newspapers with clear political interests. The purpose of this article is to analyze this fear of communism in the context of the political confrontation in the I930-I940s in Santander This will make it possible to recognize which groups, and from which periodicals, assumed themselves to be left-wing groups. In addition, it seeks to identify who was branded as communists and how this discursive weapon was used based on fear, to further polarize politics and exacerbate violence. To carry out this analysis, three periodicals from different political spectrums will be examined: "El Deber", "Vanguardia Liberal" and "Tribuna Liberal". Special attention will be paid to the changing use that these newspapers made of anti-communism in different political situations.

Paralelamente às transformações políticas e culturais globais da década de 1920, nessa mesma década iniciou-se um clima de polarização política na Colômbia, que teve um novo ingrediente na renovada disputa entre os partidos tradicionais: o pânico vermelho. O pânico vermelho foi uma estratégia de campanha de desinformação contínua realizada por jornais locais e nacionais com claros interesses políticos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar esse medo do comunismo no contexto do confronto político dos anos 1930-1940 em Santander. Isso permitirá reconhecer quais grupos e quais jornais se assumiram como grupos de esquerda. Além disso, busca identificar quem foi tachado de comunista e como essa arma discursiva baseada no medo foi utilizada para polarizar ainda mais a política e exacerbar a violência. Para realizar esta análise, serão examinados três jornais de diferentes espectros políticos: "El Deber", "Vanguardia Liberal" e "Tribuna Liberal". Será dada especial atenção à evolução do uso que estes jornais fizeram do anticomunismo em diferentes situações políticas.

El dispositivo penitenciario de la cárcel la modelo de bogotá: desde la comunicación

Este artículo se deriva de la tesis de maestría titulada "El dispositivo penitenciario en Bogotá: un estudio sobre la cárcel La Modelo" y se orienta a revisar cómo lo comunicativo se desarrolla dentro del dispositivo penitenciario desde ciertas prácticas cotidianas. Se trabaja con el esquizométodo, que permite la integración de la perspectiva compleja con el contexto y las teorías que rodean la problemática. Se proponen tres ejes de abordaje: (a) el contexto comunicativo en La Modelo de Bogotá; (b) el dispositivo penitenciario; (c) cuerpo y resistencia en la prisión. Desde una perspectiva rizomática, no se pretende agotar el horizonte analítico, sino presentar algunas reflexiones sobre lo comunicativo en el dispositivo penitenciario, y se concluye, entre otras cosas, que las acciones comunicativas fundamentan una estructura sociológica en la que los presos despliegan estrategias comunicativas y corporales para enfrentar el dispositivo penitenciario.

This article is derived from the master's thesis entitled "Penitentiary Sites in Bogotá: A Study on the Modelo Prison", and it is oriented to review how communication is developed within this penitentiary site from certain daily practices. It works with the schizomethod, which allows for the integration of complex perspectives within the context and theories that surround the problem. Three axes of approach are proposed: (a) The communicative context in the Bogota Modelo Prison; (b) The penitentiary site; (c) Body and resistance in prison. From a rhizomatic perspective, it is not intended to exhaust the analytical horizon, but to present some reflections on the communicative within the penitentiary site, concluding, among other things, that communicative actions support a sociological structure where prisoners deploy communicative and bodily strategies to face the penitentiary site.

O efeito da polarização política na crença em notícias falsas / The effect of political polarization on belief in fake news

A polarização política pode ser entendida como o afastamento severo de grupos com pensamentos e sentimentos opostos aos do seu grupo político. No cenário brasileiro, a polarização está presente em diversos contextos, principalmente no contexto político e pode ser capaz de influenciar o endosso de notícias falsas. Buscando entender as fake news em um contexto de polarização política, o presente artigo buscou avaliar a relação entre a polarização política e a crença em notícias falsas, tanto de esquerda quanto de direita. Para tanto, 211 participantes responderam um questionário contendo quatro instrumentos distintos: termômetro de sentimentos; avaliação de notícias; posicionamento político; e suscetibilidade às notícias falsas. Os resultados indicaram que os indivíduos tendem a acreditar em notícias falsas do seu próprio grupo político, embora participantes de direita apresentem uma maior tendência de endossar fake news em comparação com participantes de esquerda. De maneira geral, verificou-se que a polarização política afeta o endosso de fake news. Implicações para compreensão e combate às fake news são discutidas.

Political polarization can be understood as the strong alienation of groups with thoughts and feelings opposite to those of their political group. In the Brazilian scenario, polarization is present in different contexts, especially in the political context and can influence the endorsement of fake news. Seeking to understand fake news in the context of political polarization, the present article sought to evaluate the relationship between political polarization and belief in fake news, both on the left and on the right. To this end, 211 participants completed a questionnaire that included four different instruments: mood thermometer; news rating; political positioning; and susceptibility to fake news. The results indicate that individuals tend to believe fake news from their own political group, although participants from the right-wing participants are more likely to endorse fake news than participants to left-wing participants. Overall, political polarization was found to affect the endorsement of fake news. Implications for understanding and combating fake news are discussed.

Para além dos limites da saúde: cuidado em perspectiva interdisciplinar / Beyond the limits of health: care from an interdisciplinary perspectivea / Más allá de los límites de la salud: cuidado desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria

Este relato apresenta reflexões sobre uma experiência interdisciplinar que envolveu idealização, planejamento, organização, realização e divulgação de um evento científico virtual como requisito da disciplina Seminários Avançados de Pesquisa 1, oferecida pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Informação e Comunicação em Saúde desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, uma das unidades técnico-científicas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Os doutorandos da turma de 2020 promoveram o webinário "Para além dos limites da saúde: cuidado em perspectiva interdisciplinar", como parte da formação acadêmica, e este relato é produto científico daquele evento. Além do desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes, essa experiência representou um aprendizado pessoal, intangível e emocional do cuidado para além dos limites da saúde, e também ético sobre as "coisas negligenciadas" e acerca da força dos consensos diante de um cenário complexo marcado por uma pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemia de covid-19

This report presents reflections about an interdisciplinary experience that involved the idealization, planning, organization, implementation and dissemination of a virtual scientific event as requisite for the Seminários Avançados de Pesquisa 1 (Advanced Research Seminars 1), one of the disciplines offered by the Programa de Pós-graduação em Informação e Comunicação em Saúde (Postgraduate Program in Health Information and Communication) developed by the Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health), one of the technical-scientific units of the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation). The students who began in 2020 their classes to obtain the PhD Degree promoted the webinar "Beyond the limits of health: care from an interdisciplinary perspective" as part of the academic education, and this report is a scientific product of that event. In addition to the development of skills and attitudes, that experience represented a personal, intangible and emotional learning of the care beyond the limits of health as well as an important ethical learning about the "neglected things" and the strength of consensus in the face of a complex scenario marked by a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, the Covid-19 pandemic

Este relato presenta reflexiones sobre una experiencia interdisciplinar que implicó la idealización, planificación, organización, realización y difusión de un evento científico virtual como requisito de la disciplina Seminários Avançados de Pesquisa 1 (Seminarios Avanzados de Investigación 1), ofrecida por el Programa de Pós-graduação em Informação e Comunicação em Saúde (Programa de Posgrado en Información y Comunicación en Salud) desarrollado por el Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (Instituto de Comunicación y Información Científica y Tecnológica en Salud), una de las unidades técnicas y científicas de la Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fundación Oswaldo Cruz). Los doctorandos del curso de 2020 promovieron el webinario "Más allá de los límites de la salud: cuidado desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria" como parte de la formación académica, y este relatoes producto científico de aquel evento. Además del desarrollo de habilidades y actitudes, esa experiencia representó un aprendizaje personal, intangible y emocional del cuidado más allá de los límites de la salud, y también un importante aprendizaje ético sobre las "cosas tratadas con negligencia" y aún acerca de la fuerza de los consensos ante un escenario complejo marcado por una pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, la pandemia de Covid-19

Afrontando la incertidumbre en pandemia: construyendo paz desde la prosocialidad / Facing uncertainty in pandemic times: peacebuilding from a prosociality stance / Enfrentando a incerteza na pandemica: construindo paz a partir de uma posição com base na prosocialidade

El estudio de la construcción de paz desde una postura con base en los comportamientos prosociales es un área nueva en la investigación psicosocial en Bolivia, mucho más si se tiene la intención de rescatar y resaltar la presencia de salud psicológica comunitaria aun en una época caracterizada por una poderosa incertidumbre producto de la combinación de dos factores: la inestabilidad y violencia política sumada a la presencia de la pandemia Covid-19 y la emergencia sanitaria derivada de ella. En esta investigación han participado 400 adultos jóvenes de entre 20 y 30 años de edad (162 varones y 268 mujeres de las ciudades de La Paz - 255 participantes - y El Alto - 155 participantes) con el objetivo de describir la relación entre tipos específicos de respuesta a la incertidumbre (político-económica y sanitaria) y conductas prosociales asociadas a ella durante la pandemia Covid-19. Se ha encontrado una correlación positiva significativa entre la presencia de Prosocialidad y la Respuesta a la Incertidumbre, implicándose la posibilidad de comportamientos de construcción de paz como mecanismos de adaptación a la misma. También se ha establecido que existe igualdad en un grado amplio con respecto a la magnitud de comportamientos prosociales entre La Paz y El Alto y que en las zonas donde se han registrado más casos positivos también se ha encontrado una mayor presencia de prosocialidad en especial en la ciudad de La Paz, existiendo, finalmente, ciertas diferencias específicas entre varones y mujeres en cuanto a la ejecución y orientación de comportamientos prosociales in-pandemia.

Peacebuilding studies from a prosociality stance is a new area in psychosocial research in Bolivia, even more if there is an academic marked intention to rescue and highlight the presence of psychological communal health, in a time characterized by a powerful uncertainty derived from the combination of two unfortunate factors: political violence and instability coupled with the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent sanitary emergency and social stress. In this research, 400 young adults have participated, all of them among 20 to 30 years old (162 men and 268 women) from La Paz and El Alto cities, with the objective of describing the relationship between specific mechanisms to face uncertainty and the possible presence of associated prosocial behaviors in 2020 and 2021. A positive, significant correlation was found between prosociality and effective uncertainty-facing mechanisms, implying the possibility to execute peacebuilding conducts as a way to adapt to the pandemic. It has also been established that there is a great degree of similitude in regards to effective prosocial behaviors in La Paz and in El Alto cities, that in the zones where a greater number of positive cases was found, there was also a larger presence of prosociality, especially in La Paz, and that there are detailed executional differences between men and women in terms of prosocial in-pandemic behavior.

O estudo da construção da paz a partir de uma posição baseada em comportamentos pró-sociais é uma nova área na pesquisa psicossocial na Bolívia, muito mais se a intenção é resgatar e destacar a presença de saúde psicológica comunitária mesmo em uma época caracterizada por um poderoso produto da incerteza do combinação de dois fatores: instabilidade e violência política somadas à presença da pandemia Covid-19 e a emergência de saúde derivada dela. 400 jovens adultos entre 20 e 30 anos (162 homens e 268 mulheres das cidades de La Paz - 255 participantes - e El Alto - 155 participantes) participaram desta pesquisa com o objetivo de descrever a relação entre tipos específicos de resposta à incerteza (político-econômica e de saúde) e aos comportamentos pró-sociais associados a ela durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a presença da Prosocialidade e a Resposta à Incerteza, implicando na possibilidade de comportamentos de construção da paz como mecanismos de adaptação a ela. Também foi estabelecido que existe uma grande igualdade com respeito à magnitude do comportamento pró-social entre La Paz e El Alto e que nas áreas onde mais casos positivos foram registrados, uma maior presença de pró-socialidade também foi encontrada. especialmente na cidade de La Paz, havendo, finalmente, certas diferenças específicas entre homens e mulheres quanto à execução e orientação de comportamentos pró-sociais em situação de pandemia.

Liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres y expresiones de la incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá

Los liderazgos comunitarios son expresiones de incidencia política en sí misma. Este artículo propone reconocer los liderazgos comunitarios de mujeres de la Red Juntas Somos Más, sus logros y expresiones de incidencia política en la subregión de Urabá. Adoptamos un enfoque cualitativo y paradigma socio-crítico, que permite develar las estructuras del orden social sobre las que se ponen en riesgo las garantías de los derechos. Se realizaron entrevistas, grupos focales y talleres. En los principales hallazgos tenemos la caracterización de las mujeres lideresas de la Red, las expresiones sobre incidencia política, la relación contradictoria con el Estado, la reivindicación por lo cotidiano y la búsqueda por lo común.

Community leadership is an expression of advocacy in itself. This article proposes to recognize women's community leadership of the Juntas Somos Más Network, their achievements, and expressions of advocacy in the Urabá subregion. A qualitative approach and socio-critical paradigm was adopted, which allows us to unveil the structures of the social order on which the guarantees of rights are put at risk. Interviews, focus groups and workshops were conducted. The main findings include the characterization of the women leaders of the Network, the expressions on advocacy, the contradictory relationship with the State, the vindication for the daily life, and the search for the common.

Creencias sociales y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre la protesta social en ciudadanos de medellín (colombia) y su área metropolitana

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender las creencias sociales y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre la protesta social en el proceso de construcción de paz en Colombia. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico y se realizó un análisis de contenido sobre lo expresado en entrevistas semiestructuradas por 18 participantes, ciudadanos del común, quienes se asumieron "a favor de la protesta social", "en contra de la protesta social" y "ambivalentes". Como resultados, se contrastaron creencias y orientaciones emocionales colectivas favorables, como empatía y comprensión, con prejuicios y estigmas. Emergieron creencias sobre el "otro" opositor, como enemigo, expresiones de distancia social, discriminación, exclusión y odio. Los medios de comunicación como mecanismos de configuración de estas creencias y orientaciones emocionales colectivas, asociadas al rechazo a los movimientos sociales, por parte de algunos participantes, alimentaron un ambiente de polarización y redujeron las posibilidades del reconocimiento del otro como ser humano.

This research tries to comprehend the societal beliefs and the collective emotions about the social protest in the context of peacebuilding. It was used a qualitative methodology with hermeneutical approach, and it was made an analysis of content about what was said in the semi-structured interviews of 18 participants that were classified in three groups according to their position about the social protest: a group in favor, a group against it, and a third one with an ambivalent position. As a result, there were contrasted the positive societal beliefs and the collective as empathy, understanding against prejudices and stigmata. There were emerged beliefs about the "other" as an opponent and enemy, expressions of social distance between groups, discrimination, exclusion, and hate. The mass media were identified as configuration mechanisms of these societal beliefs and collective emotions, associated to rejection of social movements that feeds the political polarization and reduces the possibility to recognize the other as a human being.

Participación y empoderamiento político de las mujeres en el siglo XXI: un abordaje Iberoamericano para construir una postura bioética

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo busca categorizar los temas descritos en los estudios empíricos sobre los conceptos y las investigaciones más destacadas en el ámbito de la participación y el empoderamiento político, para que ayude a construir una postura desde la Bioética para las mujeres. Metodología/Enfoque. Se hace una revisión cualitativa de la literatura, de tipo descriptivo, búsqueda bibliográfica, recuperación de estudios, sistematización, selección, análisis primario, evaluación y análisis por temas. El análisis se enfoca en Iberoamérica, ya que engloba las investigaciones con características similares en el objeto de estudio, las mujeres en sus diversas dimensiones y cómo se ve el ámbito de la participación y el empoderamiento de estas en los países de la región. Resultados/Hallazgos. De 63 documentos, las temáticas encontradas se abordan de la siguiente forma: el 19 % aluden la Bioética y el género; el 35 % se refieren a la participación política de las mujeres; el 17 %> de los textos abordan estudios de género y el 29 % restante de los artículos hacen alusión al empoderamiento de las mujeres. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. No se encuentra producción empírica sobre el empoderamiento político de las mujeres en la perspectiva Bioética. Se resalta la necesidad de construir desarrollos propios desde la Bioética desde una perspectiva feminista y de género.

Purpose/ Background. This article seeks to categorize the topics described in empirical studies on the most outstanding concepts and research in the field of political participation and empowerment that helps to build a bioethical position for women. Methodology/Approach. A qualitative review of the literature is made, of a descriptive type, bibliographic search, retrieval of studies, systematization, selection, primary analysis, evaluation and analysis by topic. The analysis focuses on Latin America, since it encompasses research with similar characteristics in the object of study, women in their various dimensions and how the field of participation and empowerment of these is seen in the countries of the region. Results/Findings. Out of 63 documents, the topics found are addressed as follows: 19% refer to bioethics and gender; 35% refer to the political participation of women; 17% of the texts address gender studies, and 29% of the articles refer to the empowerment of women. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. There is no empirical production on the political empowerment of women from a bioethical perspective. The need to build own developments from bioethics from a feminist and gender perspective is highlighted.

Objetivo/Contexto. Este artigo busca categorizar os tópicos descritos em estudos empíricos sobre os conceitos e pesquisas mais marcantes no campo da participação política e do empoderamento que ajuda a construir uma posição bioética para as mulheres. Metodologia/Abordagem. É feita uma revisão qualitativa da literatura, do tipo descritiva, busca bibliográfica, recuperação de estudos, sistematização, seleção, análise primária, avaliação e análise por tema. A análise centra-se na América Latina, uma vez que engloba pesquisas com características semelhantes ao objeto de estudo, as mulheres em suas diversas dimensões e como se vê o campo de participação e empoderamento destas nos países da região. Resultados/Descobertas. Dos 63 documentos, os temas encontrados são assim tratados: 19% referem-se à bioética e gênero; 35% referem-se à participação política das mulheres; 17% dos textos tratam de estudos de gênero e 29% dos artigos referem-se ao empoderamento das mulheres. Discussão/ Conclusões/Contribuições. Não há produção empírica sobre o empoderamento político das mulheres a partir de uma perspectiva bioética. Destaca-se a necessidade de construir desenvolvimentos próprios a partir da bioética a partir de uma perspectiva feminista e de gênero.

Historical Development of Political-Critical Thinking in Colombian Psychology / Desarrollo Histórico del Pensamiento Político-Crítico en la Psicología Colombiana

Abstract The study traces the historical elements that have influenced the development of political-critical thinking in Colombian Psychology. Four historical periods have been identified and discussed: The intellectual colonialism of Colombian Psychology (1947-1960); the social Psychiatry in the years of La comisión [The commission] (1961-1980); the community Psychology and the coexistence (1980-1991); and the psychosocial studies after recent peace processes between government and armed groups (1991-2018). Colombian political Psychology did not follow a homogeneous and linear development. The reality experienced by Colombians during more than five decades of armed conflict required Psychology to abandon the direct paths of politics and opt for psychosocial studies that promise to be the most radical heirs of a generation of Latin American critical thinking as represented by Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero and Silvia Lane.

Resumen El estudio rastrea los elementos históricos que han influido en el desarrollo del pensamiento político-crítico en la psicología colombiana. Se identifican y discuten cuatro periodos históricos: el colonialismo intelectual de la psicología colombiana (1947-1960); la psiquiatría social en los años de La Comisión (1961-1980); la psicología comunitaria y la convivencia (1980-1991); y, finalmente, los estudios psicosociales tras los recientes procesos de paz entre el Gobierno y los grupos armados (1991-2018). La psicología política colombiana no siguió un desarrollo homogéneo y lineal. La realidad vivida por los colombianos durante más de cinco décadas de conflicto armado exigió que la psicología abandonara los caminos directos de la política y optara por los estudios psicosociales que prometen ser los herederos más radicales de una generación de pensamiento crítico latinoamericano representada por Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero y Silvia Lane.

Masacre estudiantil de 1975 en El Salvador: memorias, silencios y activaciones políticas

(analítico) Se presenta un estudio de caso sobre la masacre de estudiantes de 1975 en El Salvador como expresión del fracaso del proceso de paz; en tanto la justicia transicional se redujo a leyes de amnistía que dejaron heridas abiertas por ausencia de verdad, reparación y justicia. Se presenta un breve contexto sobre los acontecimientos, un diálogo con la entrevistada y unas reflexiones finales en relación con las memorias, los silencios y las activaciones políticas. Para ello, se recurrió a una entrevista en profundidad desarrollada entre 2018 y 2019.

(analytical) This article is a case study that views the 1975 student massacre in El Salvador as an expression of the failure of the peace process, given that transitional justice was reduced to amnesty laws that left open wounds as a result of the absence of truth, reparations and justice. The article contains a brief contextualization of the events, dialogue with the interviewee and some final reflections regarding memory, silences and political activation. An indepth interview conducted between 2018 and 2019 was used for this purpose.

(analítico) Este artigo é um estudo de caso sobre a massacre de estudantes do ano 1975 em El Salvador como expressão do fracasso do processo de paz, uma vez que a justiça de transição foi reduzida a leis de amnistia que deixaram feridas abertas na ausência de verdade, reparação e justiça. São apresentados um breve contexto dos acontecimentos, um diálogo com a entrevistado e algumas reflexões finais sobre memórias, silêncios e ativações políticas. Para este efeito, foi realizada uma entrevista aprofundada entre 2018 e 2019.

O processo "participar politicamente" de enfermeiros que atuam nas alas covid-19 de hospitais referência / The process of "participating politically" of nurses working in the covid-19 wards of reference hospitals / El proceso de "participación política" de enfermeros que trabajan en los hospitales de referencia para el covid-19

Objetivo: avaliar o processo de enfermagem agir politicamente de enfermeiros que atuam na ala SARS-CoV-2 dos Hospitais de Referência do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 55 enfermeiros(as) de 11 hospitais de referência para SARS-CoV-2. Utilizou-se da técnica Snowball (bola de neve) e um formulário eletrônico online. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados por meio de estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Dentre as questões respondidas pelos enfermeiros acerca de sua participação e atuação no referido processo, a "participação ativa nas tomadas de decisões referentes a pacientes com coronavírus no seu local de trabalho" foi a pergunta com mais respostas positivas, apresentando 61,1% de concordância. Quando questionados acerca da "satisfação da representação sindical da profissão durante a pandemia" a porcentagem de respostas negativas se sobressaiu, apresentando um valor de 62,5%. Em relação a valorização profissional, obteve-se 77,8% de respostas negativas, onde os participantes do estudo afirmam achar que com o fim da pandemia, a profissão não continuará sendo valorizada. Conclusão: mediante a escassez de estudos referentes a temática necessita-se de ações de pesquisas e publicações sobre o processo participar politicamente e a sua implementação na grade curricular de formação de novos profissionais. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the nursing process acting politically of nurses working in the SARS-CoV-2 ward of the Reference Hospitals of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive exploratory study, with quantitative approach, with 55 nurses from 11 reference hospitals for SARS-CoV-2. Snowball technique and an online electronic form were used. Data were analyzed and interpreted using simple descriptive statistics. Results: among the questions answered by nurses about their participation and performance in this process, active 'participation in decision-making regarding patients with coronavirus in their workplace' was the question with the most positive answers, 61.1% agreement. When questioned about the satisfaction of the union representation of the profession during the pandemic, the percentage of negative answers stood out, with a value of 62.5%. In relation to the professional valorization, 77.8% of negative answers were obtained, where the participants of the study affirm that they think that with the end of the pandemic, the profession will not continue to be valued. Conclusion: due to the scarcity of studies on the theme, research and publications are needed on the process of political participation and its implementation in the curricula of training new professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el proceso de acción política de los enfermeros que trabajan en los Hospitales de Referencia para el SARS-CoV-2 del Estado de Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil). Métodos: estudio transversal, descriptivo-exploratorio, de tipo cuantitativo, realizado con 55 enfermeros/as de 11 hospitales de referencia para el SARS-CoV-2. Se aplicó la técnica Snowball (bola de nieve) y un formulario electrónico en línea. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva simple. Resultados: entre las preguntas respondidas por los enfermeros sobre su 'participación y desempeño en ese proceso, la participación activa en la toma de decisiones sobre los pacientes con coronavirus en su lugar de trabajo' fue la pregunta con más respuestas positivas, con un 61,1% de consenso. Al ser preguntados por la satisfacción de la representación sindical de la profesión durante la pandemia, destaca el porcentaje de respuestas negativas, que presenta un valor del 62,5%. En relación a la valorización profesional, se obtuvo un 77,8% de respuestas negativas, donde los participantes del estudio afirmaron que creen que con el fin de la pandemia, la profesión no seguirá siendo valorada. Conclusión: mediante la escasez de estudios relacionados con el tema, es necesario realizar investigaciones y publicaciones sobre el proceso de participación política y su implementación en el grado de formación de nuevos profesionales. (AU)

Political Efficacy and Health Policy Advocacy among nurses as mediated by Political Astuteness

INTRODUCTION@#Nurses' expertise and recommendations from nurses are essential sources of opinions and recommendations for policy development. Nurses must be actively involved in politics, and nursing could play an essential role in shaping health policy. However, the influence of political efficacy, political astuteness, and health policy advocacy exposes a gap in the current knowledge.@*DESIGN AND METHODS@#The study utilized descriptive correlational design and mediating analysis. Purposive sampling was used to select six hospitals in Ghana, and simple random sampling was used to select five hundred and seventy-nine nurses. The study used the Political Efficacy Scale, Social Justice Advocacy Scale, and the Political Astuteness Inventory. The data were analyzed by mean and Standard deviation, Pearson coefficient, ANOVA, and GLS mediation.@*RESULTS@#Nurses in Ghana had a low political efficacy and health policy advocacy. Moreover, political astuteness had moderate astuteness. A Pearson Correlation coefficient showed a moderately significant positive relationship between political efficacy and health policy advocacy. Furthermore, political astuteness and health policy advocacy showed a statistically significant low positive relationship. There was no significant difference in political efficacy and health policy advocacy when age, academic qualification, nurses' rank, and years of professional experience were considered. Political astuteness partially mediated the relationship between political efficacy and health policy advocacy.@*CONCLUSION@#Nurses in Ghana have limited belief in their ability to understand and affect politics and have limited participation in healthcare advocacy initiatives. Furthermore, nurse respondents have the adequate ability of a nurse to understand political knowledge, political participation, and legislative understanding to advocate health policies.

Application of scientific research materials such as endemic diseases in the ideological and political education of "Environmental Hygiene" course / 中华地方病学杂志

"Environmental Hygiene" is one of the professional courses for undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine, which plays an important role in cultivating students' patriotism and consciousness of reform and innovation. However, due to the limitations of the traditional teaching mode of professional courses that focus on teaching professional knowledge and skills and pay little attention to ideological and political education, it fails to inspire students' consciousness of reform and innovation, and it is difficult to build a high-quality team of preventive medicine professionals with patriotic feelings. In this study, the classroom teaching and practical teaching of this course are fed back by scientific research achievements, expert's example demonstration, scientific research progress and scientific research practice of scientific researches such as endemic diseases, aiming to cultivate high-quality public health talents with firm ideals and beliefs, patriotic feelings, innovation ability and solidarity and collaboration spirit. This study can also provide reference for the study of ideological and political teaching of relevant professional courses.

Current situation of medical humanistic quality cultivation throughout the whole-process education of medical students under the background of "New Era" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:Under the background of "new medical science", to construct a whole-process education path with "education as the driving force - moral cultivation as the core", and to provide a decision-making basis for the reform, innovation, and development of humanistic quality education in medical colleges.Methods:Five-year clinical medical students (freshman to fifth graders) from Qiqihar Medical University were selected as the research objects. The evaluation model and questionnaire of humanistic quality of clinical medical students were constructed by literature analysis. The Questionnaire Star platform was used to investigate and collect data by random sampling of clinical medical undergraduates, and the data results were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 to explore the path of building the whole-process education.Results:The empirical research on the cultivation of humanistic quality of medical students showed that the average humanistic attitude score of medical students was (3.47±0.75) points. From the perspective of gender, the scores of humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior of male students were 2.81, 3.68, and 3.22 points, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of female students (2.52, 3.22, and 2.95 points, respectively) ( P<0.05). The data from freshmen to the fifth graders showed that humanistic cognition, attitude, and behavior scores all presented an increasing trend with the grade. Using the "Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice" model, it was found that the cognitive rate of humanistic quality of medical students was relatively ideal, and the awareness rate of medical students in different grades was different. The cross analysis showed that the effect of ideological morality and political literacy education on medical students in medical colleges had a significant cross-relationship with multiple choice questions. Conclusion:The humanistic quality of clinical medical students needs to be improved, and the cultivation of medical humanistic quality should run through the whole process from the first year to the fifth year, so as to improve the comprehensive training of professional ability and promote the all-round development of medical students.

Visualization research on research hotspots and development trends of ideological and political education of medical courses / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the research hotspot and development trend of ideological and political education of medical courses , analyze the existing problem, and provide a reference for the future development of ideological and political education of medical courses.Methods:The CNKI database was searched for the literature on ideological and political education of medical courses included from 2017 to 2021. Excel and CiteSpace were used for visual analysis of the publication time, publication quantity, main authors, research institutions, keywords, and mutated words of 1 257 articles included in the study.Results:In recent five years, the number of articles on ideological and political education of medical courses was on the rise; Zhao Wenxing, Liu Ruiting, and Yang Hongmei published a relatively large number of papers, while Heze Medical College, Fujian Health College, and Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences published a relatively large number of papers. Keywords with high frequency included "teaching reform, "biochemistry", and "ideological and political education". The keywords with strong mediating centrality included "practical teaching", "ideological and political course", "medical English", and "humanistic quality". The keywords with high mutation intensity included ideological and political education, ideological and political curriculum, and professional quality.Conclusion:The ideological and political education is currently a hotspot of medical education. The current research topics include teaching reform and teaching practice. Clarifying the logic of curriculum ideological and political evaluation and gradually building the evaluation system and mechanism of curriculum ideological and political evaluation will be a hot research topic in the future.

Research on the construction of ideological and political teaching resource database for College English course in medical colleges from the perspective of students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To probe the exploration and integration of ideological and political teaching resources for College English by medical students' teams, and to build a College English ideological and political teaching resource database in medical colleges, so as to provide feasible experience for the integration of medical students' College English and ideological and political education.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 030 students in a medical college, and SPSSAU statistical software was employed to analyze the results to investigate the attitudes and demands of students towards the integration of English teaching and ideological and political education, the construction methods of College English ideological and political teaching resource database, and the presentation methods and types of resources. Based on the questionnaire results, textbook themes, teaching modules and students' majors, the content analysis and classification method were employed to construct a College English ideological and political teaching resource database that meets the expectations of medical students.Results:① A total of 836 students agreed with the necessity to integrate College English with ideological and political education, hoping to build an ideological and political resource database with videos and audios related to daily life ( n = 731), medical knowledge ( n = 664), social practice ( n = 622), news and current affairs ( n = 604) and guide the students to learn the above resources through the methods "teacher instruction + classroom discussion" ( n = 528). ② The ideological and political integration points in the questionnaire results were matched according to the subjects of the textbook, and further divided into two categories: universal and medically specific ideological and political teaching elements according to the content of the unit modules. Finally, the resource database of College English ideological and political teaching in medical colleges was built. Conclusion:Outstanding courses and resources are jointly explored and built by teachers and students.

The practical path of constructing the "Curriculum Ideological and Political System" in nursing specialty / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With the comprehensive quality of nursing undergraduates cultivation as the core, the construction of "Curriculum Ideological and Political System" follows the law of ideological work, the rules of teaching and the rules of student growth, to change according to the events, to progress according to the period, and to update according to the situation. This paper attempts to instruct the ways of building the first class with multiple ways, building the second-class education by three platform and three integrations, and establishing a multi-time, multi-dimensional and multi-way evaluation system for the educational effect, so as to promote the quality of nursing professionals to higher level.

"Five Loves" ideological and political education program design and practice in introduction to nursing course / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To know whether the implementation of "Five Love" values education in the teaching of nursing introduction can improve students′ learning effect and professional identity.Methods:A quasi experimental study was conducted. The convenient cluster sampling method was used to select 118 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class of the Nursing School of Henan University of Chinese Medicine as the ideological and political group from March to July 2022, and implement the teaching integrated with the "Five Love" values ideological and political program. From March to July 2021, 120 freshmen from the Chinese foreign cooperation undergraduate class were set as the control group, and the routine teaching were implemented. The test scores and college students′professional identity were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score of the process assessment in the ideological and political group was (92.78 ± 6.54) points, higher than that of the control group (85.64 ± 10.21) points, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.09, P<0.05). The scores of ideological and political group students in Professional Identity Questionnaire before education were (2.60 ± 0.72) points and after education were (3.50 ± 0.24) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.80, P<0.05). Three themes can be extracted from the group focus interview and reflection homework: "promoting the formation of students 'Five Loves' values, increasing the sense of learning benefits and enhancing the relationship between teachers and students". Conclusions:Carrying out "Five Loves" value education in the teaching of nursing introduction course can improve the teaching effect and students' professional identity, increase students' sense of learning benefit, and enhance the relationship between teachers and students.

A neutralidade analítica em questão: um percurso clínico-político / The issue of analytical neutrality: A clinical-political trajectory / La neutralité analytique en question: un parcours clinique-politique / La neutralidad analítica en cuestion: un percurso clínico-político

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os múltiplos sentidos atribuídos à noção de neutralidade analítica. Tal palavra foi usada pela primeira vez por Strachey na tradução inglesa do texto "Observações sobre o amor transferencial" e emergiu nas discussões clínicas dos pós-freudianos e psicólogos do ego sobre abstinência e contratransferência. Em seguida, uma investigação sobre a história do movimento psicanalítico brasileiro demonstra, mediante notícias e relatos do Caso Amílcar Lobo, candidato a analista envolvido com a tortura política, que a noção de neutralidade foi empregada para ocultar a omissão das instituições nacionais e internacionais frente à violência de Estado durante a ditadura militar. Defendemos a importância de entrelaçar ambas as perspectivas teórica e sociopolítica para considerar a questão da neutralidade com a devida complexidade.

The objective of this article is to examine the multiple meanings attributed to the notion of analytical neutrality. Such a word was used for the first time by Strachey in the English translation of the text "Observations on Transference-Love" and emerged in post-Freudians and Ego psychologists' clinical discussions about abstinence and countertransference. A subsequent investigation into the history of Brazilian's psychoanalytical movement demonstrates, through news items and published reports of the Amílcar Lobo Case, analyst candidate involved with political torture, that the notion of neutrality was employed to conceal the omission of national and international institutions towards State violence during the military dictatorship. We defend the importance of interlacing both theoretical and sociopolitical perspectives to consider the issue of neutrality with appropriate complexity.

L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner les multiples sens attribués à la notion de neutralité analytique. Tel mot a été utilisé par la première fois dans la traduction anglaise faite par Strachey du text "Observations sur l'amour de transfert", et a emergé dans les discussions cliniques sur l'abstinence et le contre-transfert chez les post-freudiens et les psychologues de l'ego. Ensuite, une investigation sur l'histoire du mouvement psychanalytique brésilien démontre, par le biais des nouvelles et récits du Cas Amílcar Lobo, celui-ci candidat à la position de psychanalyste et impliqué dans des cas de torture politique, que la notion de neutralité a été employé pour occulter l'omission des institutions nationaux et internationaux face à la violence de l'État pendant la dictature militaire. On défend l'importance d'entrelacer tous les deux perspectives téoriques et sociopolitiques pour approcher la question de la neutralité politique avec la complexité requise.

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los múltiples sentidos atribuidos a la noción de neutralidad analítica. Tal palabra fue usada por primera vez por Strachey en la traducción inglesa del texto "Observaciones sobre el amor de trasferencia" y emergió en las discusiones clínicas de los post-freudianos y psicólogos del ego sobre la abstinencia y la contratrasferencia. Una investigación subsiguiente sobre la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico brasileño, mediante los artículos y relatos del caso Amílcar Lobo, analista-candidato enzarzado con la tortura política, que la noción de neutralidad fue empleada para ocultar la omisión de las instituciones nacionales e internacionales frente a la violencia estatal de la dictadura militar. Defendimos la importancia de entrelazar ambas perspectivas teórica y sociopolítica para considerar la cuestión de la neutralidad con la debida complejidad.

Activismos locos en salud mental: una revisión integrativa / Mad activisms in mental health: a integrative review

RESUMEN Se exponen los resultados de una revisión integrativa que tuvo como propósito identificar y analizar la producción de literatura académica sobre el activismo loco en el campo de la salud mental y su vinculación con las nociones de discapacidad y neurodiversidad. De las búsquedas realizadas en mayo del 2023, en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y PubMed, se seleccionaron 52 artículos, y se aplicaron estrategias de análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados dan cuenta de diversas articulaciones entre los conceptos abordados, estableciendo una mirada crítica hacia el modelo biomédico en salud mental. En las formas de activismo loco, adquieren relevancia el enfoque de derechos humanos, la lucha contra el estigma y su influencia en los procesos de reforma al sistema de salud mental. Por otra parte, establecen un marco de justicia social, políticas de identidad y prácticas de apoyo mutuo desde la comunidad. En su conjunto, enfatizan innovaciones metodológicas y una mirada interseccional en la producción de conocimientos. Se concluye que es posible situar la locura como campo de constitución de un actor político y sujeto epistémico. Con base en ello, se formulan posibles líneas de investigación sobre los activismos locos en América Latina.

ABSTRACT The following text presents the results of a integrative review whose purpose was to identify and analyze the production of academic literature on mad activism in the field of mental health and its link with the notions of disability and neurodiversity. From searches conducted in May 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, 52 articles were selected, and thematic content analysis strategies were applied. The results account for various articulations between the concepts addressed, establishing a critical look at the biomedical model in mental health. In the forms of mad activism, the human rights approach, the fight against stigma and its influence on the reform processes of the mental health system become relevant. On the other hand, a framework of social justice, identity policies and practices of mutual support from the community are established. As a whole, they emphasize methodological innovations and an intersectional perspective on the production of knowledge. It is concluded that it is possible to situate madness as a field of constitution of a political actor and epistemic subject. Based on this, possible lines of research on mad activisms in Latin America are formulated.